Beyond the Binary: Understanding Gender in Today’s World

Did you know that the words “sex” and “gender” have distinct meanings? And did you also know that many societal structures and systems—like laws, healthcare, and education—are specifically developed to address issues related to sex and gender?

For instance, legal frameworks to combat gender-based violence have led to anti-sexual harassment laws, while healthcare systems have developed gender-specific services such as maternal and reproductive health care [1]. These systems exist to respond to gender-based needs in society.

So, as curious minds, one may wonder: What led to the coining of the words “sex” and “gender”?

The Origins of “Sex” and “Gender”

The words “sex” and “gender” can be traced back as far as the 14th century. The word “sex” stems from the Latin sexus, which refers to the state of being male or female [2]. Initially, it referred solely to biological differences, particularly reproductive functions. By the 18th and 19th centuries, scientific developments broadened the term to include chromosomes, anatomy, and hormones—traits we now recognize as part of biological sex.

“Gender,” on the other hand, comes from the Latin genus, meaning type or kind [3]. Originally used in grammatical contexts to classify nouns (masculine, feminine, or neuter), it wasn't until the mid-20th century that it took on a new psychological and social meaning. This shift was largely influenced by John Money, a psychologist and sexologist who introduced the idea of gender identity as distinct from biological sex [4].

As knowledge has progressed, particularly in the 21st century, we now understand “sex” as referring to biological traits, while “gender” speaks more to one’s internal sense of self and social experience.

What Has Changed?

Historically, gender identity was tightly linked to the binary understanding of sex—either male or female. But evolving scientific research, personal experiences, and social activism have challenged this binary framework.

Scientific studies have shown that intersex individuals, whose biological traits do not fit typical male or female classifications, exist in about 1.7% of the global population [5]. This challenges the notion that sex is strictly binary. Neuroscience and psychology also reveal that gender identity is shaped by a complex interplay of biology, brain structure, environment, and personal experience [6].

Many people today identify as transgender, non-binary, or agender—terms that reflect gender identities beyond traditional categories. Personal stories, legal recognition in some countries, and increased media visibility have all helped amplify these realities and normalize the conversation.

What Has Not Changed?

Despite growing awareness and acceptance, reservations remain, especially from traditional religious groups, some scientists, and conservative cultural institutions.

In science, some argue that sex must be defined solely by physical and reproductive characteristics, viewing intersex cases as exceptions rather than evidence of a broader biological spectrum.

From a religious perspective, many faith-based doctrines affirm that God created only male and female. For example, Genesis 1:27 says, "Male and female He created them." Those holding this view often see any recognition of non-binary sex as contradicting divine design and undermining long-standing beliefs.

Conclusion

At GenderToday, we believe that the current discussions around sex and gender are not about introducing a new “sex,” but about recognizing the diversity that has always existed—biologically, psychologically, and socially.

We live in a complex world, and regardless of identity, everyone deserves to live with dignity, authenticity, and freedom.

Our mission is to spark honest, respectful conversations that empower individuals to explore and define their truth. Remember, your truth may be tested, so stay open, reflect deeply, and hold fast to the values that resonate most with you.

How do you define who you are?

We’d love to hear from you. Share your story with us via our social platforms @GenderToday!

References

1. World Health Organization. (2023). Gender and Health.

2. Etymology Online – Sex.

3. Etymology Online – Gender.

4. Britannica – John Money.

5. United Nations Free & Equal – Intersex Awareness.

6. NIH – The Neurobiology of Gender Identity and Dysphoria.